![]() ![]() ![]() Richard, by then on the English throne, was the first of the Christian princes to respond to the Holy Roman Emperor's call to arms, swiftly followed by his former lover and rival, Philip Augustine of France. The Crusade of 1189-1192 was the European reaction to this disaster. ![]() Not only did he nullify them, but he went on to recapture Jerusalem and with it the most venerated Christian relic of all: the supposedly True Cross on which Christ was crucified. Saladin made the first move with his call to jihad in 1187 against the crusader fortresses that overlooked pilgrimage routes to Mecca. In the other was the second son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard Plantagenet, known as Lionheart because he was recklessly brave he was also loud, ruthless, cruel and conspicuously anti-semitic. In one corner was the sultan, Salah ad-Din or Saladin, a Sunni Muslim of Kurdish origin: intelligent, generous, pious, modest and a great fighter if need be. The Third Crusade was glorified most of all because of its principal participants and their contrasting dominance. ![]()
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